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During ModHandReason_ClaimAligned care is taken to start on a multiple of 32 and end on a multiple of 32 + 16 (such that the next block in the heap would be at +20 same as plain ModHandReason_Claim would do). However, during a ModHandReason_ExtendBlock there's a possibility that those criteria can't be retained, due to having to move to a larger gap elsewhere, leaving the end at an inconvenient +36.
Similar allocation functions in other OS' don't guarantee to return an extended block with the same alignment, so take the position that for extends we always allocate a fresh block, copy the contents, and free the original. Shrinks are left in place.
Tested with a random allocator which juggles 16 aligned allocations 50,000 times.

Version 6.36. Tagged as 'Kernel-6_36'

Very much like OS_Module 12, but returns the pointer to the PW rather than its contents (or NULL if the module died during init).

OS_Module
=> R0=24
   R3=size in bytes
   R4=alignment in bytes (must be a power of 2)
<= R2=base of request
   or error
Tested with a handful of valid and invalid alignments, and with one grossly larger than the free RMA to trigger an RMA extend to occur.

Version 6.35. Tagged as 'Kernel-6_35'

During the first pass keyboard scan the ROM module nodes are built off the anchor ROMModuleChain.
During the second pass the whole set of ROM module nodes are temporarily constructed anchored on the stack, then switched over.
This caused a problem when a duplicate name module was encountered on a podule (eg. MbufManager in a NIC) because FindROMModule searches from the ROMModuleChain anchor, didn't find a match, so created a new node rather than linking it to the NewerVersion/OlderVersion linked list on the existing node.
Then *Unplug and *RMInsert would say "Module is not in ROM" if the optional podule specifier was given, because the search stopped at the first node with the right name.

Swap round the second pass so it anchors directly on ROMModuleChain, and keeps the first pass anchor on the stack (needed only occasionally to copy over details of modules already initialised).

Tested on a Risc PC with NIC, can now selectively unplug MbufManager again.

Version 5.93. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_93'

Detail:
  To make it easier to support arbitrary complexity keyboard controllers (eg. USB via DWCDriver on the Pi) have the kernel do the early keyboard recovery key press detection instead of the HAL.
  During the first pass those modules used for reading the keyboard are started, ignoring the CMOS frugal bits.
  The keyboard is then scanned for 3s, during which time the RAM is cleared (unless the HAL indicated it has already been done).
  During the second pass the remaining modules are started respecting the CMOS frugal bits. Any which were already started in the first pass are inserted into the new chain, so the keyboard is reset once and only once.

  Boot times, with a 300cs key scan time in NewReset.
  Risc PC with 160MB RAM (128+32+0).
  Times from turning on power to initial "beep", using a stopwatch.
                RISC OS 3.70 RISC OS 5.22 This OS
  ARM610        12.5         10.4         10.3
  ARM710        11.8         10.2         9.7
  StrongARM 233 11.1         9.5          8.4

  In NewReset.s:
  Remove old KbdScan code (leave Reset_IRQ_Handler for IIC only)
  If HAL_KbdScanDependencies returns a null string then present KbdDone flag and skip to full init.
  A few vestiges of soft resets removed.
  Do RAM clear when waiting for INKEY (being careful not to trash the running modules...).
  Clearing just the freepool on a 2GB Titanium cleared 7EFD6 pages (99.2%).

  In ModHand.s:
  2nd pass need to sneaky renumber the nodes (so *ROMModules is in the right order, frugal bits line up) without resetting the chain

  In HAL.s:
  Change ClearPhysRAM to ClearWkspRAM, such that it only clears the kernel workspace rather than all RAM. The bulk of the RAM is cleared during the keyboard scan by new function ClearFreePoolSection.
  Add a variant of Init_MapInRAM which clears the mapped in RAM too (as these very early claims will not be in the free pool when the RAM is cleared later).
  Remove HAL keyboard scan setup & IRQ handler.
  Fix bug in HALDebugHexTX2, the input value needs pre-shifting by 16b before continuing.

  In GetAll.s, PMF/osbyte.s:
  Use Hdr:Countries and Hdr:OsBytes for constants.

  In PMF/key.s, PMF/osinit.s:
  Relocate the key post init from PostInit to KeyPostInit.
  Changed PostInit to not tail call KeyPostInit so they can be called independently.

  In hdr/KernelWs:
  Improve comments, add InitWsStart label to refer to.

  In hdr/HALEntries:
  Add HAL_KbdScanDependencies.
  Delete KbdFlag exports.
  Took the opportunity to reorder some of the higher numbered HAL entries and re-grouping, specifically (112,120) (84,106,108,117).
Admin:
  Tested on an ARM6/ARM7/SA Risc PC, BeagleBoard xM, Iyonix, Pandaboard ES, Wandboard Quad, IPEGv5, Titanium, Pi 2 and 3.
  Requires corresponding HAL change.
  Submission for USB bounty.

Version 5.89. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_89'

Previously, the service call was sent when the module was in the service call chain/command table hash/SWI table hash, but not actually in the list of modules - so any recipient trying to look something up with OS_Module would get denial that the module existed.
Move the service call issue step to *after* it's linked into the module list.

Version 5.64. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_64'

hdr/AHCIDevice:
  Remove this, since it clashes with the (differing API version number) copy exported by SATADriver. Post merging the Kernel back to the trunk the newer file datestamp has meant the wrong one gets exported during any ROM build which includes both components. Since the Kernel doesn't need AHCIDevice itself, it is left to the respective client (SATADriver or AHCIDriver in this case) to export them.
hdr/ModHand:
  Resolve the longstanding clash of Module_Title with the same named symbol that CMHG uses. There are very few assembler needing to look at the module header (Kernel, FileCore, Debugger, Podule) directly, but every C module which uses CMHG and wants one of the ModHandReason values ends up with a duplicate define.
  Obsolete Arthur era Module_LoadAddr value.
ArthurSWIs.s/MoreComms.s/NewReset.s/SWINaming.s/SysComms.s/Utility.s:
  Module_Title->Module_TitleStr.
ModHand.s:
  Module_Title->Module_TitleStr.
  Recode Module_LoadAddr using the file type from Hdr:FileTypes.
GetAlls.s:
  Drop unused NVRAM and PortMan headers. Add Hdr:FileTypes.

Version 5.54. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_54'

Detail:
  This change gets rid of the following switches from the source (picking appropriate code paths for a 32bit HAL build):
  * FixCallBacks
  * UseProcessTransfer
  * CanLiveOnROMCard
  * BleedinDaveBell
  * NewStyleEcfs
  * DoVdu23_0_12
  * LCDPowerCtrl
  * HostVdu
  * Print
  * EmulatorSupport
  * TubeInfo
  * AddTubeBashers
  * TubeChar, TubeString, TubeDumpNoStack, TubeNewlNoStack macros
  * FIQDebug
  * VCOstartfix
  * AssemblingArthur (n.b. still defined for safety with anything in Hdr: which uses it, but not used explicitly by the kernel)
  * MouseBufferFix
  * LCDInvert
  * LCDSupport
  * DoInitialiseMode
  * Interruptible32bitModes
  * MouseBufferManager
  * StrongARM (new CacheCleanerHack and InterruptDelay switches added to hdr/Options to cover some functionality that StrongARM previously covered)
  * SAcleanflushbroken
  * StrongARM_POST
  * IrqsInClaimRelease
  * CheckProtectionLink
  * GSWorkspaceInKernelBuffers
  * EarlierReentrancyInDAShrink
  * LongCommandLines
  * ECC
  * NoSPSRcorruption
  * RMTidyDoesNowt
  * RogerEXEY
  * StorkPowerSave
  * DebugForcedReset
  * AssembleKEYV
  * AssemblePointerV
  * ProcessorVectors
  * Keyboard_Type
  Assorted old files have also been deleted.
Admin:
  Identical binary to previous revision for IOMD & Raspberry Pi builds


Version 5.51. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_51'

Detail:
  This change gets rid of the following switches from the source (picking appropriate code paths for a 32bit HAL build):
  * HAL
  * HAL26
  * HAL32
  * No26bitCode
  * No32bitCode
  * IncludeTestSrc
  * FixR9CorruptionInExtensionSWI
  Various old files have also been removed (POST code, Arc/STB keyboard drivers, etc.)
Admin:
  Identical binary to previous revision for IOMD & Raspberry Pi builds


Version 5.49. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_49'

hdr/Options: Switch removed
s/Modhand: Switch removed, now considered equivalent to DebugROMInit. DebugROMInit changed so that the callback ordering is as expected, batched up until "callbacks" is hit after Service_PostInit.
PMF/osbyte: Redundant RISC OS 2.01 code deleted

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.184. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_184'

Detail:
  hdr/OSEntries, s/HAL, s/Kernel - Add compressed ROM support.
  With the current scheme, a compressed ROM will have everything except the HAL and kernel compressed.
  During the keyboard scan period the kernel will allocate some temporary decompression workspace and call the decompression stub that was appended to the ROM.
  The decompression stub is expected to perform in-place decompression of the ROM. Once decompression is complete the workspace will be freed and the page tables updated to make the ROM image readonly.
  It's the HAL's responsibility to make sure any compressed ROM is located in an area of physically contiguous RAM large enough to hold the uncompressed image.
  More info here: http://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Compressed%20ROMs
  Makefile, h/OSEntries - Add C export of hdr/OSEntries
  hdr/HALDevice - Add device ID for Tungsten video device. Convert tabs to spaces for consistency.
  hdr/HALEntries, s/NewReset - Moved KbdFlag_* definitions to hdr/HALEntries so HALs can use them in their keyboard scan code
  s/ArthurSWIs, S/HAL, s/HeapSort, s/Kernel, s/MemInfo, s/Middle, s/NewIRQs, s/TickEvents, s/vdu/vdugrafb - Make use of BLX, BFI and long multiplies if the CPU supports them. Don't support SWI calls from thumb mode if the CPU doesn't support thumb.
  s/HAL - Made the LDMIA in Init_MapInRAM more sensible (register order was backwards). The old code did work, but wasn't doing what the comments described. Removed unused/unfinished HAL_Write0 function. Improve RISCOS_LogToPhys to check L1PT for any section mappings if the logical_to_physical call fails
  s/ModHand - Save one instruction by using ADR instead of MOV+ADD to compute lr
  s/NewReset, s/PMF/key - Pass L1PT to HAL_Reset to allow machines without hardware reset (e.g. IOMD) to perform resets by manually disabling the MMU and restarting the ROM
  s/vdu/vdudriver, s/vdu/vdugrafv - Use GVEntry macro borrowed from NVidia module for setting up the GraphicsV jump table. Make GraphicsV_ReadPaletteEntry call HAL_Video_ReadPaletteEntry if left unclaimed. Fixup GV_Render to only call HAL_Video_Render if the HAL call is implemented.
Admin:
  Tested with OMAP3, IOMD & Tungsten ROMs/softloads.


Version 5.35, 4.79.2.138. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_138'

When in DebugROMInit=TRUE mode each call to XOS_NewLine also checks and
processes pending callbacks (in VduLF). This makes the USB enumeration
come out in a different order because they're all collected at the end.
As an intermediate step, collect callbacks for DebugROMInit=FALSE too.
Note: developers should not rely on this behaviour, this will be phased
out before the next stable release.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.136. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_136'

Expand tabs.
Swap DCI for instructions now Objasm 4 is out.
Symbols for FSControl_CAT/RUN/OPT changed to non Arthur definitions.
Still boots on IOMD class, no other testing.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.124. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_124'

Detail:
  A whole mass of changes to add high processor vectors + zero page relocation support to the Cortex branch of the kernel
  At the moment the code can only cope with two ZeroPage locations, &0 and &FFFF0000. But with a bit more tweaking those restrictions can probably be lifted, allowing ZeroPage to be hidden at almost any address (assuming it's fixed at compile time). If I've done my job right, these restrictions should all be enforced by asserts.
  There's a new option, HiProcVecs, in hdr/Options to control whether high processor vectors are used. When enabling it and building a ROM, remember:
  * FPEmulator needs to be built with the FPEAnchor=High option specified in the components file (not FPEAnchorType=High as my FPEmulator commit comments suggested)
  * ShareFS needs unplugging/removing since it can't cope with it yet
  * Iyonix users will need to use the latest ROOL boot sequence, to ensure the softloaded modules are compatible (OMAP, etc. don't really softload much so they're OK with older sequences)
  * However VProtect also needs patching to fix a nasty bug there - http://www.riscosopen.org/tracker/tickets/294
  The only other notable thing I can think of is that the ProcessTransfer code in s/ARM600 & s/VMSAv6 is disabled if high processor vectors are in use (it's fairly safe to say that code is obsolete in HAL builds anyway?)
  Fun challenge for my successor: Try setting ZeroPage to &FFFF00FF (or similar) so its value can be loaded with MVN instead of LDR. Then use positive/negative address offsets to access the contents.
  File changes:
  - hdr/ARMops - Modified ARMop macro to take the ZeroPage pointer as a parameter instead of 'zero'
  - hdr/Copro15ops - Corrected $quick handling in myISB macro
  - hdr/Options - Added ideal setting for us to use for HiProcVecs
  - s/AMBControl/allocate, s/AMBControl/growp, s/AMBControl/mapslot, s/AMBControl/memmap, s/AMBControl/service, s/AMBControl/shrinkp, s/Arthur2, s/Arthur3, s/ArthurSWIs, s/ChangeDyn, s/ExtraSWIs, s/HAL, s/HeapMan, s/Kernel, s/MemInfo, s/Middle, s/ModHand, s/MoreSWIs, s/MsgCode, s/NewIRQs, s/NewReset, s/Oscli, s/PMF/buffer, s/PMF/IIC, s/PMF/i2cutils, s/PMF/key, s/PMF/mouse, s/PMF/osbyte, s/PMF/oseven, s/PMF/osinit, s/PMF/osword, s/PMF/oswrch, s/SWINaming, s/Super1, s/SysComms, s/TickEvents, s/Utility, s/vdu/vdu23, s/vdu/vdudriver, s/vdu/vdugrafl, s/vdu/vdugrafv, s/vdu/vdupalxx, s/vdu/vdupointer, s/vdu/vduswis, s/vdu/vduwrch - Lots of updates to deal with zero page relocation
  - s/ARM600 - UseProcessTransfer option. Zero page relocation support. Deleted pre-HAL ClearPhysRAM code to tidy the file up a bit.
  - s/ARMops - Zero page relocation support. Set CPUFlag_HiProcVecs when high vectors are in use.
  - s/KbdResPC - Disable compilation of dead code
  - s/VMSAv6 - UseProcessTransfer option. Zero page relocation support.
Admin:
  Tested with OMAP & Iyonix ROM softloads, both with high & low zero page.
  High zero page hasn't had extensive testing, but boot sequence + ROM apps seem to work.


Version 5.35, 4.79.2.98.2.48. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_98_2_48'

Also enabled the Service_ModulePostInit/Final service calls now that the
service call allocations have been confirmed.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.54. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_54'

Added 256-colour version of the (high-resolution only) teletext code, and support for teletext when hardware scroll is disabled. Both are required for Tungsten.

Turned off the module init/final service calls, since we still don't have an
allocation for them.
Upped the OS version number to 5.01.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.53. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_53'

Detail:
  * Rejigged documented meaning of device "Location" field so that we can
    fit full PCI locations in.
  * Defined lots of device "Type" values in Hdr:HALDevice.
  * Removed obsolete DMA-related HAL entries in Hdr:HALEntries (no longer
    required by DMAManager 0_15-4_4_2_6, no longer provided by Tungsten HAL
    0.07).
  * OS_Hardware 2 and 3 actually work now.
  * Changed OS_Hardware 4 to take a maximum major version number to match.
  * HAL workspace is now USR mode readable.
  * Service calls issued after module initialisation/finalisation (see
    Docs.ModPostServ).
Admin:
  OS_Hardware tested, service calls not tested.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.52. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_52'

Detail:
  Lots of changes since last version, at least the following:
  * Updated OS timestamp, removed alpha status
  * Negative INKEY OS version changed to &AA
  * GraphicsV is now alocated vector number &2A
  * ROM moved up to &FC000000
  * Max application slot increased to 512 Mbytes (for now)
  * Max size of RMA increased to 256 Mbytes
  * RMA is now first-created dynamic area (so it gets lowest address after
    top of application slot)
  * OS_Memory 10 reimplemeted
  * New OS_ReadSysInfo 6 values 18-22 added
  * OS_ReadSysInfo 8 gains flag bit to indicate soft power-off
  * Misc internal top-bit-set-address fixes
  * *ChangeDynamicArea can take sizes in megabytes or gigabytes
  * Magic word "&off" in R0 passed to OS_Reset powers down if possible
  * Added acceleration: block copy; CLS; text window scroll up; rectangle
    fill
  * Disabled LED flashing in page mode (liable to crash)
  * Masked sprite plot and VDU 5 text avoids reading the screen if possible
  * Framestore made USR mode accessible
  * Fix for VDU 5,127 bug - now relies on font definitions being in extreme
    quarters of memory, rather than bottom half
  * Allocated 64-bit OS_Convert... SWIs
  * IIC errors use allocated error numbers
  * Looks for Dallas RTC before Philips RTC because we're using a Philips
    NVRAM device with the same ID
  * Fix to bug that meant the oscillator in the Dallas RTC wasn't enabled
  * Default mouse type (USB) changed to allocated number
  * Ram disc max size increased to 128 Mbytes (Ursula merge) and made
    cacheable for StrongARMs (not XScale)
  * Branch through zero handler now works in USR mode, by use of a
    trampoline in the system stack to allow PC-relative register storage
  * Address exception handler changed to not use 0 as workspace
  * OS_Memory 13 extended to allow specification of cacheability and access
    privileges
  * Added OS_Memory 16 to return important memory addresses
  * RISCOS_MapInIO() takes cacheable flag in bit 3, access permissions in
    bits 10 and 11, doubly-mapped flag in bit 20, and access permissions
    specified flag in bit 21
  * Bug fix in last version for application abort handlers didn't quite
    work; register shuffle required
  * "Module is not 32-bit compatible" error now reports the module name
  * Default configured language changed from 10 to 11 (now Desktop again)

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.51. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_51'

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.48. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_48'

Ursula. Quite a hairy code merge really, so let's hope it is
worth it to someone. What you get (back after 2 or 3 years):
- much more efficient for largish numbers of DAs (relevance
  to current build = approx 0)
- fancy reason codes to support fast update of
  Switcher bar display (relevance = 0)
- support for clamped maximum area sizes, to avoid address
  space exhaustion with big memory (relevance = 0)
- better implementation of shrinkable DAs, performance
  wise (if lots of DAs, relevance = approx 0)
- support for 'Sparse' DAs. Holey dynamic areas, Batman!
  (relevance, go on someone use the darned things)
Moderately development tested on HAL/32bit ARM9 desktop.
Note the Switcher should be compiled to use the new
reason codes 6&7, for fabled desktop builds.

Also, during this work, so I could see the wood for the
trees, redid some source code clean up, removing pre-Medusa
stuff (like I did about 3 years ago on Ursula, sigh). That's
why loads of source files have changed. The new DA stuff
is confined pretty much to hdr.KernelWS and s.ChangeDyn.

Ta.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.38. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_38'

Detail:
  The kernel will examine all modules that it is requested to initialise
    and will refuse to initialise any module without a module flags word
    entry in its module header or with bit 0 the first flags word being
    clear (bit 0 being ModuleFlag_32bit)
  Error message added to all the messages files.
  New error block added to message counting block.  The Non-32-bit module
    message is not a cached error message, though.
Admin:
  Tested in 32-bit Lazarus build.

Version 5.38. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_38'

More stuff. Up to the desktop now; cache on, working keyboard. Some source restructuring to start to make splitting it up into several object files more feasible.

* Added ARM_IMB and ARM_IMBRange SWIs as recommended by ARMv5.
* Some early prototype HAL bits popped in - a lot of source restructuring still
  to come.
* New debug target creates an AIF image with debug information, and translates
  this into an ASCII object file for the 16702B logic analyser.

Version 5.35, 4.79.2.1. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_35-4_79_2_1'

  Added common error cache.
Detail:
  Fixed module header validation code which was broken in 5.22.  This
    shouldn't have caused much of a problem as it was only a bizarre
    check (SWI chunk looked valid but SWI handler was 0) that would
    have failed - but be reported as a valid set of SWI entries.
  Added common error message cache.  Several common errors (Buffer
    overflow; Number not recognised; Bad vector release; and a couple
    of others) are now cached the first time they are translated into
    a block of memory in the system heap.
Admin:
  Tested in Ursula build - cacheing only active in Ursula build - change
    HdrSrc if you want it in your products too.
  Requires HdrSrc 0.94

Version 5.31. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_31'

Details:
  The Kernel will now compile to produce a pure 32-bit system if No26bitCode is
  set to TRUE.
  If No26bitCode is FALSE, then the Kernel will be a standard 26-bit Kernel,
  although some internal changes have taken place to minimise compile
  switches between the two cases. See Docs.32bit for more technical info.

  The hardest part was the flood-fill...

Other changes:
  Pointer shape changes now take place on the next VSync, rather than actually
  WAITING for the VSync. Turning the Hourglass on shouldn't slow your machine
  down by 5% now :)

  Lots of really crusty pre-IOMD code removed.

Admin:
  Tested in 32 and 26-bit forms in a limited desktop build. Basically, this
  will need to see a lot of use to iron out difficulties. I'd like anyone who
  has a non-frozen project to at least attempt using this Kernel.

Version 5.23. Tagged as 'Kernel-5_23'

Version 4.84. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_84'

Version 4.83. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_83'

* Integrated Ursula fast service call dispatch code.
* Added Interruptible32bitModes from Ursula.
* Stopped allowing ROM modules (other than the Kernel/UtilityModule) to write
  to the hardware vectors in 26-bit mode.

Version 4.81. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_81'

Fixed typo in OS_Module 21 code. You wouldn't think you could screw up a mere 12 lines of ARM code would you?

Version 4.80. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_80'

Version 4.79. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_79'

CPU type messages internationalised.
"Unknown OS_PlatformFeatures reason code" internationalised.
RunningOnEmul flag tweaked.
MorrisIDString conditional removed.
New modules added to SWI list at the end of the chain, on grounds that
the first-registered modules are probably more important.
*ChangeDynamicArea moved into UtilityModule from TaskManager.

Version 4.65. Tagged as 'Kernel-4_65'